TASKAR ILLIMANTARWA:
Mal. Aminu Ibrahim Daurawa.:
SHIGA WATAN RAMADAN
ANA SHIGA WATAN RAMADAN NE TA HANYOYI GUDA BIYU, BABU TA UKU.
Hanya ta farko: ganin jinjirin wata, shi ganin wata zai iya kasancewa ta fuskoki guda huɗu:
Mutum ɗaya tak ya ga wata shi kadai , wato babu wanda ya gani a duk garin sai shi kadai.
Mutum biyu su gani su kadai a garin gabaɗaya, in banda su babu wanda ya gani.
Mutane da yawa su ga wata a gari ɗaya, sauran garuruwa kuma ba a gani ba. Misali, kamar mutan gari ɗaya, ko unguwa ɗaya, ko layi ɗaya, ko yanki ɗaya, ya zamo su kadai ne suka ga wata.
A ga wata a guraruwa daban-daban a waje daban-daban ko a qasashe daban-daban.
Waɗannan su ne matakan da ake ganin wata ta qarqashinsu.
Idan aka tabbatar da ganin wata ta ɗayan waɗannan matakai, shugabanni suka amince da ganin ta hanyar bin diddigi, sai a ba da sanarwar kowa ya ɗauki azumi.
Hanya ta biyu: Idan ba a ga wata ba, wato babu wanda ya ga wata a gari, ko unguwa, ko qasa, mutum ɗaya ko biyu ko jama'a da yawa, ko kuma an sami wanda ya gani sai dai ba a yarda da ganin nasa ba. Sai a cika lissafin Sha’aban ya zamo kwana talatin (30) daidai.
Ita wannan hanyar ba sai an tsaya neman wanda ya ga wata ba, tun da watan Sha’aban ya cika kwana talatin (30), don haka washegari sai kowa ya tashi da azumi ba sai ya jira umarnin shugaba ba.
Don haka waɗannan su ne hanyoyin da ake shiga watan Ramadan ta cikinsu.
Hujjojin da suka tabbatar da hakan su ne:
Ta farko: hadisin Abdullahi Ɗan Umar رضي الله عنه inda yake cewa, Manzon Allah ﷺ ya ambaci watan Ramadan sai ya ce, “Shi dai wata kwana ashirin da tara (29) ne.”
A wata ruwayar ya ce, “Shi wata haka ne, da haka, da haka.” sai ya haɗa 'yan yatsunsa na dama da hagu, wato yana nufin goma da goma sau biyu ashirin (20) kenan, goma ta uku kuma sai ya lanƙwashe ɗan yatsansa guda ɗaya tara kenan. A wata ruwayar kuma yana cewa, “Shi wata wani lokaci yana yin talatin (30) wani lokaci kuma yana yin ashirin da tara (29), don haka kada ku yi azumi sai kun ga wata, kada ku ajiye sai kun gan shi, idan aka yi muku lullumi, sai ku cika lissafin Sha’aban ya zama talatin (30).” ()
A ruwayar Ummu Salamah kuwa cewa ta yi, Manzon Allah ﷺ ya yi rantsuwa ba zai je wajen iyalinsa ba sai bayan wata guda, to yayin da kwana ashirin da tara (29) suka wuce, sai ya yi sammako ya shiga wajen iyalinsa da daddare, sai wadda ya shiga wajenta ta ce, ya Ma’aikin Allah ﷺ, ai ka rantse cewa ba za ka shiga wajen matanka ba, har tsawon wata guda, ya aka yi kuma ka shigo yanzu? sai ya ce, "Lallai shi wata yakan yi kwana ashirin da tara (29) ne." ()
Shi kuma hadisin Abu Bakarata رضي الله عنه da ya ruwaito daga Ma’aiki ﷺ yana cewa, “Watan Ramadan da watan zulhajji ba sa tauyewa.” ()
Abin da Malamai suka fada a kan ma’anarsa shi ne: Ishaƙ Bn Rahawaihi da Ibn Suwaidin Bn Hubairah sun ce, ma'anar ba sa tauyewa shi ne ba a tauyewa mutum ladan ayyukan da ya aikata a cikinsu ko da kuwa sun tauye a lissafi, ba za su tauye a wajen ba da ladan aiki ba.
Shi kuma Muhammad Bn Sirina ya ce, ba za su haɗu a Shekara kowanensu ya tauye ba.
Shi kuma Imamu Ahmad yana cewa, idan Ramadan ya tauye to Zulhajji zai cika, idan kuma Zulhajji ya tauye to Ramadan zai cika.
Malam Alqasim Bn Muhammad ya ce, na ji Bazzaru yana cewa, waɗannan watanni biyu ba sa tauyewa a Shekara ɗaya a tare.
An ruwaito daga Abu Hurairah رضي الله عنه ya ce, Manzon Allah ﷺ ya ce, “Ku yi azumi in kun ga wata, ku sauke in kun gan shi, idan hazo ko hadari ya rufe muku shi, ku cika kwana talatin (30) na Sha’aban.”
A wata ruwayar ta Muslim ya ce, “In kun ga wata ku yi azumi idan kun gani ku aje, idan girjije ko hadari ya tsare ku, sai ku cika lissafin Sha’aban.”
A wata ruwayar ta Muslim ya ce, “Ku yi azumi don ganin wata, ku ajiye don ganin wata, idan hazo ya rufe muku shi, sai ku qirga talatin (30).” ()
Haka nan hadisin Abdullahi Ɗan Abbas رضي الله عنه ya ce, Manzon Allah ﷺ yana cewa, “Kada ku gabaci wata da yin azumin kwana ɗaya ko biyu, sai dai idan akwai wani azumi da mutum ya saba yi, (sai ya dace da waɗannan ranakun) babu laifi ya yi abinsa, shi asalin wata kwana ashirin da tara ne (29).” Wannan
lafazin Abu Dawud ne.
A taqaice za mu iya cewa hanyoyin ɗaukar azumi guda huɗu ne, kamar yadda muka gabatar.
Na farko shi ne, ganin mutum ɗaya adali, idan hukuma ta gamsu ya zama wajibi ga duk Musulmin da yake wannan garin ya ɗauki wannan azumin.
Dalili hadisin Abdullahi Ɗan Abbas رضي الله عنه inda yake cewa, wani mazaunin qauye ya zo wajen Manzon Allah ﷺ ya ce na ga wata, sai Annabi ﷺ ya ce da shi, “Ka shaida Allah ﷻ shi kaɗai ne ba shi da abokin tarayya, kuma Annabi Muhammadu ﷺ Manzon Allah ﷻ ne? Sai mutumin ya ce eh, sai Manzon Allah ﷺ ya ce, “Ya kai Bilalu je ka ka yi shela ka sanar da mutane cewa su ɗauki azumi gobe.” () Sai dai hadisin yana da rauni, amma malamai sun yi aiki da shi.
Abin nufi yawancin malamai da shi suke aiki cewa za a karɓi shaidar mutum ɗaya adali a gari gabaɗaya.
Wannan shi ne ra'ayin Abdullahi Bn Mubarak, Imamus Shafi'i, da Imamu Ahmad, da Imamu Abu Hanifa, da malaman Kufa, kuma shi ne ra'ayin Jamhuru, sun qArfafi wannan da hadisin Abdullahi Ɗan Umar رضي الله عنه wanda yake cewa, mutane sun duqufa suna duban wata sai Allah ﷻ ya nuna min shi, sai na shaidawa Ma’aiki ﷺ cewa ni na ga wata, sai Ma’aiki Allahi ﷺ ya tashi da azumi kuma ya umarci mutane suka ɗauki azumin.” ()
Sai dai malam Ishak Bn Rahawaihi shi yana ganin ba za a ɗauki azumi da ganin mutum ɗaya ba, sai dai mutum biyu.
Wannan kuma shi ne ra'ayin Imamuna Malik, da Laisu Bn Sa’ad, da Sufyanussauri, da Abdurrahman Al-Auza'i.
Allah ya karɓi ibadar mu.
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